Eight factors to consider before relocating abroad

In this article, HENRY FALAIYE explores the crucial factors Nigerians should consider before deciding to relocate abroad, providing an in-depth analysis of financial, cultural, legal, and social aspects that must be thoroughly evaluated to ensure a seamless transition to life in a foreign country

Relocating abroad is a significant life decision, one that demands careful planning, thorough research, and proper evaluation of multiple factors. For many Nigerians seeking better opportunities, better living standards, or a more conducive environment for personal growth, relocating abroad is seen as a path to improved quality of life. However, the process involves more than just securing a visa or a job abroad. It is crucial to assess various aspects of the transition to ensure long-term success.

Financial considerations: cost and currency exchange rates

One of the primary factors to evaluate before relocating abroad is the financial aspect. Relocation typically entails significant expenses, including visa application fees, travel costs, accommodation, and settling in a new country. Moreover, different countries have varying costs of living, which can significantly impact one’s lifestyle.

According to a 2024 report from the National Bureau of Statistics, Nigerians have been facing a rising cost of living, especially due to inflation and exchange rate fluctuations. The Nigerian naira has depreciated by over 25 per cent against major currencies like the US dollar and euro in recent years. This means that Nigerians considering relocation need to factor in the costs associated with converting their currency into foreign money.

A financial advisor, Chidi Ogbonna, said, “Financial preparedness is critical for Nigerians considering relocation. It is important to have enough savings to handle the initial settlement period, including rent, utilities, and food expenses.” Those planning to move should also research the cost of living in their target country and make informed decisions based on their expected income.”

Further, the country’s exchange rate volatility can cause substantial shifts in an individual’s financial stability. If your destination country operates with a more stable currency, this could be a significant advantage. Thus, it’s important to monitor currency trends and understand how exchange rates might affect your savings.

Employment opportunities and job security

For many Nigerians, the primary motivation behind relocating is to secure better employment. However, finding a job in a foreign country is not always straightforward. Job markets differ significantly across countries, and the skills that are in demand in one country may not be as sought after in another.

Before relocating, it is essential to research the job market in your target country. What are the major industries? What is the unemployment rate? How competitive is the job market for foreigners, especially in your expertise and field of experience?

A labour economist, Professor John Onu, stated that “many Nigerians relocating abroad are professionals seeking greener pastures. However, some countries have stringent immigration policies that make it difficult for non-citizens to secure employment.”

According to Onu, it is important for potential immigrants to thoroughly research the availability of jobs in their choice destinations to ensure their skills and qualifications align with market demands.

“Equally crucial is understanding the level of competition within their desired field, as this can significantly impact their chances of securing employment and achieving career growth abroad,” he added.

According to data from the International Labour Organisation, as of 2023, unemployment rates in key destination countries for Nigerian migrants, such as the United States and Canada, have been relatively low compared to Nigeria’s national unemployment rate, which stood at 33 per cent in 2023. However, specific regions and industries in these countries may still face saturation, making it crucial to explore the job opportunities and qualifications required.

Immigration laws and visa requirements

Each country has its own immigration laws and visa requirements. Depending on the type of relocation, whether it is for education, work, or permanent settlement, immigration policies can vary widely. Before considering relocation, it is vital to understand the specific visa requirements for your intended destination.

For instance, countries like the United States and Canada have various visa options based on employment, family reunification, or student status. Similarly, European countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom offer specialised work visas for skilled workers.

A Nigerian immigration consultant, Ugo Nwachukwu, said, “Navigating immigration laws is a critical step in the relocation process. It is not just about applying for a visa but also ensuring that it allows you to stay and work legally in the country. A failure to understand immigration rules can lead to serious issues like deportation or losing out on job opportunities.

“It is essential to seek expert guidance to understand the specific requirements and timelines for different visa categories. Proper documentation and adherence to legal processes can make the difference between a smooth transition and facing unnecessary hurdles in a new country.”

It is also necessary to examine how long the visa process would take and what documentation will be required. Processing times can range from a few months to over a year, depending on the country and the type of visa. This timeline can determine how soon you can begin working or studying abroad.

Cultural differences and social integration

Adjusting to a new culture is one of the most challenging aspects of relocating abroad. Nigerians moving to foreign countries need to familiarise themselves with cultural differences, including social norms, values, languages, and even food preferences. Understanding how to integrate into the social fabric of the new environment is crucial for emotional well-being and career success. In many countries, foreign nationals may experience a sense of isolation, especially at the initial stages of relocation. For example, adapting to new workplace cultures and professional expectations can be challenging for Nigerians moving to countries with different business etiquette and communication styles.

“Cultural adaptation is just as important as financial preparation when relocating. It is not just about moving to a new country; it’s about learning to thrive in it,” says Dr. Ngozi Adeyemi, a sociologist at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Adeyemi continued, “Relocating to a new country requires more than financial readiness, which demands cultural adaptation. The emotional toll of homesickness and culture shock can affect one’s ability to succeed abroad, so being prepared is key.”

Thriving in a new environment means understanding its customs and social norms.

He emphasised that embracing the culture and building connections are vital for easing the transition and ensuring long-term success.

Social integration involves understanding the local language and customs. Countries like Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom have diverse, multicultural environments, making it easier for Nigerians to integrate. However, countries with less diversity may pose greater challenges for newcomers.

Quality of life and healthcare system

When considering relocation, it is important to assess the overall quality of life in the destination country. This includes factors like healthcare, education, housing, public safety, and general living conditions.

According to the World Health Organisation, some countries have much better healthcare systems than Nigeria. For instance, countries like Germany and Sweden consistently rank high for the quality and accessibility of healthcare. As a Nigerian considering relocation, it is essential to factor in how easy it will be to access healthcare services and the costs involved.

A Nigerian-born healthcare consultant in the United States, Dr. Michael Ijebu, said, “Healthcare is an essential aspect to consider, particularly for families. Many developed countries provide public healthcare that is either free or subsidised for residents, which is a considerable benefit compared to Nigeria; however, countries like the U.S. still have expensive private healthcare, so researching healthcare insurance options and services is necessary.”

Ijebu advised Nigerians planning to live in countries with high living costs, such as the United States or the United Kingdom, that the healthcare system’s efficiency and coverage should be thoroughly researched.

Legal rights and social welfare

Another important consideration is the legal rights of foreigners in the host country. This includes rights related to employment, property ownership, access to social welfare programmes, and protections against discrimination. It is crucial to understand what rights and responsibilities you will have as an immigrant.

Many developed countries have strong labour laws that protect workers from exploitation, discrimination, and unfair treatment. Countries like Canada and the United States have strong legal frameworks for ensuring the protection of workers’ rights, including fair wages, workplace safety, and access to social benefits like unemployment insurance.

However, different countries may have varying levels of protection for immigrants, and understanding these legal frameworks is essential before relocating. It may also be worth consulting an immigration attorney or legal expert to fully comprehend the laws of your destination country.

Family and education needs

If relocating with family, it is essential to consider the educational needs of children, as well as the availability of family support systems. Many countries have highly developed educational systems, but there may be cultural or language barriers to overcome, particularly for young children.

Public schooling in countries like the United States, Canada, and the UK is often of high quality, but tuition fees for international students or private institutions can be a financial burden.

An IT and education consultant, Tolulope Fagbohun, said, “Parents should research the education system in their destination country to ensure their children receive a high-quality education that meets their needs.” Additionally, ensuring that family members can access proper healthcare, housing, and community support networks is crucial for a smooth transition.”

Exit strategy: Planning for the future

Lastly, it is essential to have an exit strategy or a long-term plan for what comes next after relocating. Many people move abroad to eventually return to Nigeria or seek permanent residency. Having a clear understanding of the immigration policies regarding citizenship and permanent residency in the destination country is important for long-term planning.

Relocating abroad can be an exciting and fulfilling journey if done correctly. By considering all the factors above and conducting thorough research, Nigerians can make informed decisions and set themselves up for a successful future abroad.