Why GMO Food Is Trending in Nigeria: What You Need to Know about GMO

Reports are currently trending across Nigeria that billionaire philanthropist Bill Gates is supporting efforts to introduce Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) into the country’s food system. However, this move is facing serious resistance from a section of Nigerians who are expressing strong concerns over the alleged health and environmental risks associated with GMOs.

Have you recently noticed “GMO food” popping up in conversations, headlines, or social media? You are not alone. Over the past year, GMO foods have become a hot topic in Nigeria, sparking intense debates about what we eat, how it’s grown, and what it means for our health and environment.

 

You might be asking yourself: What exactly is GMO food? Is GMO food safe to eat in Nigeria? How can I avoid eating GMO food if I’m concerned? This article breaks it all down for you.

 

What Is GMO Food?

GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism. In simple terms, GMO food refers to crops that have been altered scientifically to develop certain traits, such as resistance to pests, increased yield, or improved shelf life.

Examples of GMO foods in Nigeria include:

• Bt Maize (genetically engineered corn)
• GMO Cowpea (beans)
• GMO Cotton (used in textiles and oils)

The idea behind GMO technology is to fight food insecurity and improve farming efficiency. But not everyone is convinced it’s the best route forward.

Why Is GMO Food Trending in Nigeria?

1. Government Approvals with Little Public Awareness

The National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA) has approved several GMO crops for commercial use. Many citizens feel these approvals were rushed or made without public consultation.

2. Unlabeled Products on Shelves

Most GMO foods in Nigeria are not labeled. Consumers often don’t know they are eating genetically modified maize, beans, or processed products that contain GMOs.

3. Health Concerns

Is GMO food safe to eat in Nigeria? That question is being asked more frequently. While organizations like the WHO and FAO consider GMO food generally safe, many Nigerians want independent research and country-specific studies.

4. Social Media Backlash

Hashtags like #SayNoToGMO and #GMOBeans have exploded online. From WhatsApp groups to X (formerly Twitter), many Nigerians are openly questioning the long-term impact of GMOs.

What Are the Alleged Risks of GMOs?

Although many scientific institutions say that GMOs are safe when properly tested and regulated, there are several alleged risks that critics, health experts, farmers, and environmental advocates have consistently raised:

1. Health Concerns

• Allergic Reactions: GMOs may introduce new proteins into food, which could cause unexpected allergic reactions in some individuals.

• Long-Term Health Effects: There’s a growing fear among the public that GM foods might contribute to serious conditions like cancer, infertility, or liver/kidney issues, even though there’s no solid scientific proof yet.

• Antibiotic Resistance: Some GM crops are engineered using antibiotic-resistant genes. Experts worry this could reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics in human medicine.

2. Environmental Risks

• Loss of Biodiversity: GM crops can potentially cross-pollinate with wild relatives or dominate farmland, reducing the variety of plant species available.

• “Superweeds” and Resistant Insects: Over time, pests and weeds may develop resistance to the herbicides and insecticides used with GM crops, leading to more aggressive species that are harder to control.

• Harm to Beneficial Organisms: GM plants might unintentionally harm insects like bees or butterflies, which are vital to ecosystems and food production.

3. Socioeconomic Risks

• Seed Dependency: GM seeds are usually patented, meaning farmers must purchase new seeds every planting season instead of reusing saved seeds—this can put financial pressure on smallholder farmers.

• Loss of Indigenous Farming Methods: Local and traditional farming knowledge might be sidelined as biotech farming becomes more dominant.

• Corporate Control of Food Systems: Critics fear that large companies like Bayer (formerly Monsanto) may end up controlling seed production, prices, and distribution in Nigeria.

4. Ethical and Cultural Issues

• “Playing God”: Some argue that altering the DNA of crops is unnatural and morally questionable.

• Religious and Cultural Rejection: In communities with strict religious dietary laws, the idea of mixing genes from different species can be viewed as spiritually or culturally offensive.

5. Weak Regulation and Labelling

• Transparency Issues: GMO foods are often not labeled clearly in local Nigerian markets, making it difficult for consumers to make informed decisions.

• Inadequate Oversight: While agencies like the National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA) have been established, critics worry that Nigeria’s regulatory systems may not be strong enough to enforce GMO safety standards effectively.

 

What Experts Are Saying

Globally, the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization agree that GMO food currently on the market is safe. They say there is no evidence that GMOs cause cancer, allergies, or other health issues.

In Nigeria, the NBMA and other regulatory bodies say that any GMO crop approved for release meets international standards. Dr. Asagbra explained that all GMO seeds approved in Nigeria have undergone thorough scientific analysis.

Dr. Ehirim added that the concern is not just about safety, but also about consumer awareness. He noted that even some cornflakes sold in Nigeria contain GMO corn, but people are unaware because of poor labeling.

Which Foods Are Genetically Modified in Nigeria?

Dr. Asagbra identified three GM crops approved in Nigeria:

• Bt Cotton
• Bt Cowpea (beans)
• Tela Maize

For example, the Bt Cowpea was developed to resist insects that destroy beans and is also drought-resistant. These traits are especially valuable in light of climate change.

She also mentioned that GMO technology has entered the country in forms beyond food. In May 2024, genetically modified mosquitoes were introduced to combat malaria. These non-biting male mosquitoes carry a self-limiting gene, so their female offspring won’t survive to adulthood.

Farmers and Public Reactions

David Ezeonyekwere, a farmer and SDG advocate, told BBC News Pidgin that his concern lies in who is funding GMO research. He recalled the difficulties Nigerian farmers faced when hybrid seeds, which could not be replanted, replaced traditional seeds. Farmers lost years trying to recover.

He stated that he’s neither for nor against GMOs, but believes Nigeria should first solve existing problems before importing foreign solutions.

Environmental and Biodiversity Concerns

Dr. Ehirim warned that environmental risks such as crossbreeding with wild species, biodiversity loss, and the emergence of resistant pests could arise from GMO farming. However, he also emphasized that proper regulations can reduce these risks significantly.

He added that cross-pollination goes both ways: while GMOs can affect wild species, wild species can also affect GMOs. Still, as long as GMO crops meet regulatory standards, they are deemed safe.

How Can I Avoid Eating GMO Food in Nigeria?

Worried about eating GMO food? Here are four ways to reduce your exposure:

1. Buy Organic or Non-GMO Certified Products: Although rare in Nigeria, some specialty stores sell clearly labeled goods.
2. Shop Local: Buy directly from farmers and local markets to avoid packaged foods that may contain GMO ingredients.
3. Cook Your Own Meals: Avoid processed foods that often include GMO derivatives like corn syrup or soy.
4. Push for Labeling Laws: Stay engaged and support calls for mandatory GMO food labeling in Nigeria.

Conclusion

GMO food is trending in Nigeria because it raises fundamental questions about food safety, public awareness, and national sovereignty. While international bodies say GMO food is safe, many Nigerians are skeptical.

If you’re concerned about the impact on your health or community, staying informed is key. Let’s keep asking the hard questions, demanding transparency, and supporting better labeling laws. What’s your take on GMO food in Nigeria? Leave a comment or download our free guide to making smarter food choices.

 

FAQ: GMO Food and Safety in Nigeria

Q1: Is GMO food safe to eat in Nigeria?
Yes, according to the WHO, FAO, and Nigerian regulators. However, more local research and transparency are needed.

Q2: How can I avoid eating GMO food in Nigeria?
Choose organic or non-GMO products, buy from local farmers, and cook meals from scratch.

Q3: How to be a flight attendant in Nigeria?
Complete secondary school, attend an approved aviation school, and build strong communication and customer service skills.